1st Grade Language Arts
Language
Lesson 2
Let's Learn to Use Language!
Upper Case Letters
Use them when starting a sentence or writing a proper noun!
Lower Case Letters
Use them whenever you are not using uppercase letters!
Nouns and Verbs
Common Nouns
Common nouns are the names of regular objects, places, or organisms! For example, cat, dog, forest, tree, flower, boy, girl, ocean, and beach are all common nouns!
Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are the names of specific people, places, and things! For example, YOUR name is a proper noun! So are "Georgia", "Dekalb County", "Atlantic Ocean".
Possessive Nouns
Possessive nouns show that something belongs to you or the subject. For example, you would say "my cat," "her pencil," "their picture", or "his language." All the bolded words are possessive pronouns!
Pronouns
Pronouns are words you can use to replace regular nouns! They make sentences shorter and easier to understand. For example, you can say "He ate pie" instead of "Amir ate pie". Some pronouns include, "He" "They" "She" and "It"!
Pronouns can make sentences easier to understand when we talk or speak!
Plural Nouns
Plural Nouns are nouns that represent more than one object. For example, more than one girl is written as "girls."
Singular Nouns
Singular Nouns are nouns that represent only one object. For example, only one cow is just a "cow".
Subject Verb Agreement
What are Verbs?
Verbs are action words. They show that someone is doing something. "Run", "Swim" , "Sing", and "Play" are all verbs!
What is a Subject?
In a sentence, the person or thing doing something (doing the "verb") is called the Subject!
When do "Subjects and Verbs" agree?
Sometimes, verb must change when the subject changes to become another object or more than one subject (plural).
For example, you would say "I run," to say that you are running, but say that "She runs," to say that another person is running. Do you see the difference in the word run?
Verb Tenses
Verbs also change form when the time changes.
Past Tense
When something has already happened (yesterday, earlier, last week, etc.) it is called past tense. Past tense verbs usually end with -ed. For example, "Yesterday, I walked my dog!"
Present Tense
When something is currently happening, it is called a "present tense" verb. The verbs are standard words (they look the way you learned them) or end in either -s or -ing. For example, "Right now, Nadya is baking cookies." "The cheetah runs." "I eat."
Future Tense
When something has not happened yet, it is called "future tense". These verbs always start with "will _______". For example, "Tomorrow, I will clean my toom."
Play this game to practice verb tenses!
Other Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Adjectives describe something. They tel us how something looks, feels, or is. Some adjectives include, "long", "big", "small", "tall", "short", "heavy", "happy", "beautiful," and "handsome."
The Hair is LONG!
The weight is HEAVY!
Prepositions
Prepositions tell where or when something is positioned or happens. For example, in the picture, the ball is "above", "below", and "beside" the box. "Beyond", "Under" and "Toward" are also prepositions. Prepositions can also when something happens; for example, "I ate desert after lunch." or "He played soccer during recess."
Adverbs
Adverbs tell how something is happening. If you are walking, you may be walking "quickly". If you are playing, you may be playing "happily". Most adverbs end in -ly.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions join sentences and clauses together! For example, "and", "but", "for", "while", "so", "because" and "or" are all conjunctions!
Types of Sentences
Declarative
Making a statement.
Interrogative
Asking a question.
Exclamatory
Showing excitement or emotion.
